Effetti della dieta priva di Glutine sulla microflora

L'articolo riportato in basso descrive uno studio fatto su 10 persone sane sottoposte per un mese ad una dieta senza glutine. Pur tenendo in considerazione gli effetti, gia`noti sulla microflora, causati dalla variazione dell` alimentazione, lo studio ha evidenziato una riduzione dell`attivita` di batteri buoni quali il Bifidobacterium ed il Lactobacillus. Probabilmente questa riduzione di attivita` va attribuita alla forte variazione nell`apporto di vitamine, minerali e fibra dovuta al mancato apporto di glutine. Ovviamente questi risultati devono essere confermati, dato il numero esiguo di pazienti su cui si basano. Possono, tuttavia, essere presi in considerazione nel trattamento di pazienti celiaci o di quelli che devono semplicemente ridurre l`apporto di glutine.


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link per l'abstract
Br J Nutr. 2009 Oct;102(8):1154-60. Epub 2009 May 18.
Effects of a gluten-free diet on gut microbiota and immune function in healthy adult human subjects.
De Palma G, Nadal I, Collado MC, Sanz Y

Diet influences the composition of the gut microbiota and host's health, particularly in patients suffering from food-related diseases. Coeliac disease (CD) is a permanent intolerance to cereal gluten proteins and the only therapy for the patients is to adhere to a life-long gluten-free diet (GFD). In the present preliminary study, the effects of a GFD on the composition and immune function of the gut microbiota were analysed in ten healthy subjects (mean age 30.3 years) over 1 month. Faecal microbiota was analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The ability of faecal bacteria to stimulate cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was determined by ELISA. No significant differences in dietary intake were found before and after the GFD except for reductions (P = 0.001) in polysaccharides. Bifidobacterium, Clostridium lituseburense and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii proportions decreased (P = 0.007, P = 0.031 and P = 0.009, respectively) as a result of the GFD analysed by FISH. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium longum counts decreased (P = 0.020, P = 0.001 and P = 0.017, respectively), while Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli counts increased (P = 0.005 and P = 0.003) after the GFD assessed by qPCR. TNF-alpha, interferon-gamma, IL-10 and IL-8 production by PBMC stimulated with faecal samples was also reduced (P = 0.021, P = 0.037, P = 0.002 and P = 0.007, respectively) after the diet. Therefore, the GFD led to reductions in beneficial gut bacteria populations and the ability of faecal samples to stimulate the host's immunity. Thus, the GFD may constitute an environmental variable to be considered in treated CD patients for its possible effects on gut health.